According to Hardy-Weinberg, when a population is in equilibrium, it will have the same allelic frequencies generation after generation, meaning that they are stable, they are not evolving.
When any evolutive force is acting on the population, this equilibrium breacks, and allelic and genotypic frequencies change through generations, differing from the expected ones.
A) Option 7 is the correct answer ⇒ 0.41
B) Option 6 is the correct answer ⇒ 120
C) Option 7 is the correct answer ⇒ 3.84
D) Option 1 is the correct answer ⇒ The class represents a population that is in H-W equilibrium
E) Option 1 is correct. Comparing the value of Chi-square that I calculated with the critical value of Chi-square for the appropriate degrees of freedom I conclude that P>0.05. Hence, I reject the null hypothesis.
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Allelic frequencies in a locus are represented as p and q, referring to the
allelic dominant or recessive forms. The genotypic frequencies after one generation are p² (H0m0zyg0us dominant), 2pq (H3ter0zygous), q² (H0m0zyg0us recessive). Populations in H-W equilibrium will get the same
allelic frequencies generation after generation.
The sum of the allelic frequencies equals 1, this is p + q = 1.
In the same way, the sum of genotypic frequencies equals 1, this is
p² + 2pq + q² = 1
Being
p the dominant allelic frequency,
q the recessive allelic frequency,
p² the h0m0zyg0us dominant genotypic frequency
q² the h0m0zyg0us recessive genotypic frequency
2pq the h3ter0zyg0us genotypic frequency
Situation: Through PCR, we have determined the PER3 genotypes for a class of students as follows:
H4/H4 = 125 individuals;
H4/H5 = 85 individuals;
H5/H5=24 individuals.
⇒ Total number of individuals= 125 + 85 + 24 = 234
⇒ Genotypic frequencies, F(xx):
F(H4/H4) = 125/234 =0.534
F(H4/H5) = 85/234 = 0.363
F(H5/H5) = 24/234 = 0.102
⇒ Allelic frequencies, f(x):
f(H4) = p = F(H4/H4) + 1/2 F(H4/H5) = 0.534 + 0.363/2 = 0.534 + 0.182 = 0.716
f(H5) = q = F(H5/H5) + 1/2 F(H4/H5) = 0.102 + 0.363/2 = 0.102 + 0.182 = 0.284
Questions:
A) According to the theoreticall frame, we know that 2pq is the h3ter0zygous genotypic frequency. So,
F(H4/H5) = 2pq = 2 x 0.716 x 0.284 = 0.408 ≅ 0.41 ⇒ Option 7 is the correct answer.
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B) According to the theoreticall frame, we know that p² is the h0m0zyg0us genotypic frequency. So,
p = 0.716
p² = 0.5126 ≅ 0.513 ⇒ This is the genotypic frequency.
To calculate the number of individuals carrying this genotype, we need to multiply it by the total number of
individuals.
H4/H4 individuals = p² x total number of individuals = 0.513 x 234 = 120
Option 6 is the correct answer.
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C) Up to here we know that 2pq = 0.41 and p² = 0.513
Now we need to calculate q ²
q = 0.284, then q² = 0.284² = 0.08
These are the expected frequencies if the population was in H-W equilibrium.
The expected number of individuals with each genotype are:
H4/H4 = 0.513 x 234 = 120 individuals
H4/H5 = 0.41 x 234 = 96 individuals
H5/H5= 0.08 x 234 = 18 individuals
The observed number of individuals with each genotype are:
H4/H4 = 125 individuals
H4/H5 = 85 individuals
H5/H5=24 individuals
X² = ∑ (Observed - Expected)²/Expected)
X² = ((125-120)²/120) + ((85 - 96)²/96) + ((24-18)²/18)
X² = 0.21 + 1.26 + 2 =
X² = 3.47
The clossest option is option 7 = 3.84. The difference might be related to decimals and rounding.
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D) The correct answer is 1 ⇒ The whole class represents a population that is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
The null hypothesis always predict that populations are in H-W equilibrium.
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E)
X² = 3.47
Freedom degrees = n - 1 = 3 - 1 = 2
Table p value: 7.82
Significance level, 5% = 0.05
Table value/Critical value = 5.991
5.991 > 0.347
Meaning that the difference between the observed individuals and the expected individuals is statistically significant. Not probably to have differe by random chances. There is enough evidence to reject the null
hypothesis.
Option 1 is correct. Comparing the value of Chi-square that I calculated with the critical value of Chi-square for the appropriate degrees of freedom I conclude that P>0.05. Hence, I reject the null hypothesis.
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help me please like rn :(
Which option distinguishes what a commodities trader would do with the information in the following scenario?
A heat wave is expected to hit the central United States and cause a drought that will kill off many wheat plants.
sell off wheat supplies immediately at their highest price
immediately buy futures contracts at their current prices
cancel all options on future sales of wheat
wait until the heat wave to make wheat purchases
The commodities trader would immediately buy futures contracts at their current prices. The correct option is C.
Thus, a commodities trader would probably predict a decline in wheat supply if they learned about an anticipated heat wave and drought that may affect wheat plants. They would then buy futures contracts at their present levels in response.
By taking this move, the trader is able to protect himself against prospective price rises brought on by the decreased supply of wheat by securing the right to purchase wheat at a certain price in the future. The trader may be able to take advantage of the predicted market conditions before the impact of the heat wave is fully felt by purchasing futures contracts.
Thus, the ideal selection is option C.
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Salt water gargle can temporarily relieve a sore throat. One recipe calls for 3/4 teaspoon of salt in 1 cup of water. A second recipe calls for 1 2/3 teaspoon of salt in 2 cups of water. Which recipe will
taste saitier? Explain.
Answer:
I believe the one with 2 cups of water will be saltier
Explanation:
When you change the fractions to a common denominator, which is 12, you see the recipe with 1 cup should be half of the recipe with 2 cups. But the one with 2 cups is more than double the recipe with 1 cup.
What are the two kingdoms of prokayotic organism?
Answer: Bacteria and Archaea
Explanation:
I just don’t understand my dad why I should go to the school
Answer: well i basically agree with u what "smart" invtented school anyway
Explanation:
Explain what TWO forces cause Earth’s water to bulge?
Answer:
Gravity and inertia act in opposition on the Earth's oceans, creating tidal bulges on opposite sites of the planet. On the “near” side of the Earth (the side facing the moon), the gravitational force of the moon pulls the ocean's waters toward it, creating one bulge.
Explanation:
Question 5 of 25
Engineers must design a process for producing a large amount of ammonia in a reasonable amount of time. Which criterion would the process need to meet
O A. The rate of product formation must be high.
B. The process must use a known technology.
C. The reactants must come from natural sources.
D. The rate of formation of the reactants must be high.
SUBMIT
An engineer while developing a procedure for producing a large amount of ammonia in a reasonable quantity of time must meet the standard that the process must utilize a known technology.
What is ammonia?Ammonia exists as a colorless, pungent gas comprised of nitrogen and hydrogen. It exists as the easiest stable compound of these components and serves as a starting material for the production of numerous commercially important nitrogen combinations. The major usage of ammonia exists as a fertilizer. In the United States, it exists usually applied directly to the soil from tanks including liquefied gas.
Therefore, the (B) option exists as the correct answer.
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I need help with 9 and 10
Answer:
9 melting and evaporation
GIVING BRAINLY
Which characteristic do animals with an endoskeleton have that animals with
an exoskeleton lack?
A. A skeleton outside their body
B. A skeleton inside their body
C. The ability to get heat from the environment
D. The ability to produce most of the heat they need
Answer:
A.
Explanation:
Cause endo skeleton is on the inside
Biochemists developed a compound that they hypothesize will disrupt the ability of the cells to organize centrioles and microtubules. This compound is applied to a group of onion root tip cells. What will serve as the best evidence that the biochemists' hypothesis about this compound is correct? Biochemists developed a compound that they hypothesize will disrupt the ability of the cells to organize centrioles and microtubules. This compound is applied to a group of onion root tip
In order to serve as evidence that the hypothesis put forward by the Biochemists is true, they will have to observe that the onion cells stop multiplying and the roots do not grow.
The primary function of microtubules and centrioles in a cell (or at least one that they have in common) is their participation in cellular division, that is, mitosis and the formation of a cytoskeleton.
Without the formation of these structures, the cell will a cytoskeleton and the ability to divide. Therefore, we can confirm that evidence of this hypothesis would be for the cells to lack these functions.
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D
Question 15
2 pts
When a cross between 2 contrasting parents produces new phenotype, different from
either parents, we can conclude that that there is which of the following?
When a cross between 2 contrasting parents produces a new phenotype, it is known as incomplete dominance. In diploid (2n) organisms, individuals receive one allele or gene variant from each parent.
Heterozygous individuals carry different alleles for the same gene locus.
Incomplete dominance occurs when both alleles are expressed in heterozygous organisms.
The phenotype in cases of incomplete dominance is a mixture of the phenotype observed in both parents.
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9. WHY IS THIS (ANSWER TO #8. FROM ABOVE) MOLECULE SO IMPORTANT?
Answer: Adapter Molecule of RNA
Explanation:
It's a link for mRNA and amino acids.
2. The endocrine system includes specialized cells that help fight
bacteria and viruses.
a. True
b. False
How is instinctive behavior acquired?
A)
parental teaching
B)
Learned experience
inductive reasoning
D)
genetic inheritance
Help me solve this question please
Answer:
where is the question .....?????
List one difference and one similarity between the reproduction processes
of a frog and a woman.
Appearance*In most frog species, the female is larger than the male, so frog size relative to a standard can be a good method of gender identification. In some species, the female frog is darker in color than the male, and in others, the male is darker.
Typically, frogs lay eggs. This process usually occurs through external fertilization, where the female releases her eggs from her body into water. Then, the male releases his sperm to fertilize them.In this case, the eggs are fertilized inside the female's body before they are released.What is an example of a population in a desert ecosystem
Answer:
scorpions
Explanation:
scorpions live in but the desert
What is different between the production of sperm cells and egg cells
Answer:
The most obvious difference: A sperm cell is a reproductive cell of males while egg cells are of females. Both egg cells and sperm cells depend on each other for the reproduction of a human life. Both egg cells and sperm cells undergo meiosis.
Explanation:
give an example of a scientific investigation design with appropriate constants and variables
(IV and DV)
Answer:
An example of a scientific investigation design that uses independent variable and dependent variable in its design is a research that seek to find out the effect of two different fertilizers on the growth of a tuber crop (yam). The independent variable in this case is the type of fertilizer used while the dependent variable is the corresponding growth of the tuber crop. In a research set up, the independent variable is the variable that cause a change in the dependent variable.
Explanation:
Hope this helps
What percentage of polled animals can we expect?
(FOR LIZARD OWNERS)
i have a leopard gecko and its heat lamp bulb burnt out will it be ok until tomorrow? sorry i have no friends to ask yk
1. What do we call the study of the earth and its structure?
Geology !
Explanation: (if needed)
The studies of Earth’s physical structure and substance, its history and the processes that act on it. People who work in this field are known as geologists. Planetary geology is the science of studying the same things about other planets. It includes the study of organisms that have inhabited our planet. An important part of geology is the study of how Earth's materials, structures, processes, and organisms have changed over time. Geology involves methods and knowledge from biology, chemistry, physics, and mathematics.
Answer:
This study is called geology
Explanation:
Geology is a branch of Earth science concerned with both the liquid and solid Earth, the rocks of which it is composed, and the processes by which they change over time. Geology can also include the study of the solid features of any terrestrial planet or natural satellite such as Mars or the Moon.
Which structure is this statement most likely referring to
Answer:
semipermeable membrane is a large glucose molecule that requires facilitated diffusion but an oxygen molecule does not.
a material similar to the earths mantle would be
A. Wood
B. Copper
C. water
D. silly putty
help please this is about dna in biology
Answer:
That image is way too blurry to read. Can you comment what it says so I can put an appropriate answer?
Explanation:
Why do sunspots appear as dark spots on the surface of the Sun?
Answer:
I think it is because the sun has released energy and looses light in that area because of it.
Explanation:
PLZ HURRY
Which of the following is organized into chromosomes (there may be more than one awnser )
Dna
tRNA
mRNA
None
I don’t understand why mom doesn’t want me
Answer:
is because she wants you man. there no mom that dose not like their child
Explain five possible setbacks a company could face if they don't develop effective configuration management policies and processes.
Possible setbacks are the difficulty in keeping up with market changes, failures in product production, failures in product distribution, sector problems, problems in the management of employees.
We can arrive at this answer because:
The management of a company is essential for its proper functioning and the success of the production.One of the first problems that lack of management causes is the difficulty in keeping up with market changes. This makes the company outdated and inefficient.Talking about the production and distribution of the product harms sales and reduces the number of customers.Sectoral problems hinder organized production, which will also affect sales.Problems in managing employees will also be disadvantageous, as it will affect all of the company's compositional factors.Therefore, we can say that management is the most important point to be organized.
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How does human activity harm or benefit the environment?
Answer: Humans harm the environment in many ways such as overpopulation, pollution, burning fossil fuels, and deforestation. These also, can cause many changes like triggered climate change, soil erosion, poor air quality, and undrinkable water.
Explanation:
Compare the location and size of the prepuce in the fetal pig and in the human
The prepuce is an anatomical covering for the sex organs and is an important, typical feature of the external genitalia in a pig.
Comparing the location of the prepuce - The prepuce is in the same location in fetal pigs as it is in humans.
Comparing their structures, this structure is much larger in humans than in the fetal pigs.
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