On January 10, 1901, an enormous geyser of oil exploded from a drilling site at Spindletop Hill, a mound created by an underground salt deposit located near Beaumont in Jefferson County, southeastern Texas. Reaching a height of more than 150 feet and producing close to 100,000 barrels a day, the “gusher” was more powerful than any previously seen in the world. A booming oil industry soon grew up around the oil field at Spindletop, and many of the major oil companies in America, including Gulf Oil, Texaco and Exxon, can trace their origins there.
The Need for More Oil
By the mid-19th century, the tremendous effects of the Industrial Revolution had created a need for a cheaper and more convenient fossil fuel than coal; this need would be filled by petroleum. Edwin Drake drilled the first well specifically intended to extract oil in northwestern Pennsylvania in 1859, and by the end of the century, Pennsylvania had produced more oil than any other state.
Did you know? Today, Texas produces 1,087,000 barrels of oil per day.
As for Texas, Native Americans living in the region had known about the sticky black tar found in the earth there for centuries, and had long used it for medicinal purposes. By the end of the 19th century, several discoveries of oil had been made in the southeastern part of the state, including small fields near Nacogdoches and at Corsicana. In 1900, however, total Texas oil production was 863,000 barrels, a small fraction of the national total of 63 million.
Salt-Dome Speculation
Spindletop Hill, south of Beamount in Jefferson County, was formed by an underground salt dome, which pushed the earth above it higher and higher as it grew. It was the mechanic and self-taught geologist Patillo Higgins who first suspected there might be oil lurking beneath Spindletop (and other similar salt domes). Higgins organized the Gladys City Oil, Gas and Manufacturing Company in 1892 to look into the possibility, though his theory met with widespread skepticism from petroleum and geologic experts. Years later, Higgins ran a newspaper advertisement for fellow investors and got a response from the Austrian-born engineer Anthony F. Lucas, who shared Higgins’ view on the salt domes. When Lucas finally convinced leading Pennsylvania oilmen John Galey and James Guffey to finance a drilling operation, Higgins was completely excluded from the arrangement. (Higgins would later sue, and receive a comfortable profit from the Spindletop oil field.)
Drilling began at Spindletop in October 1900, and by early January 1901 they had reached a depth of some 1,020 feet after overcoming initial difficulties in drilling into the sandy ground. On January 10, mud began bubbling out of the hole. Workers soon fled as the mud came gushing out at high speed, followed by natural gas and then by oil. The Lucas Geyser, as it was called, reached a height of more than 150 feet, and was the most powerful that had ever been seen in the world. It was soon producing close to 100,000 barrels a day, more than all the other oil wells in America combined.
A Booming Industry
Tens of thousands of people flocked to the Spindletop oil field after the strike, transforming southeastern Texas from a sleepy backwater to a bustling boomtown within months. Spindletop in 1901 saw the earliest beginnings of the petroleum company that would become Gulf Oil Corporation (bought by Chevron Corporation in 1984). The oil strike at Spindletop also spawned the oil giants Texaco (founded as the Texas Fuel Company), Amoco and the Humble Oil Company (later Exxon Company USA).
In its first year, Spindletop produced more than 3.5 million barrels of oil; in its second, production rose to 17.4 million. In addition to driving the price of oil down and destroying the previous monopoly held by John D. Rockefeller and Standard Oil, Spindletop ushered in a new era in Texas-based industry, and was enormously influential in the state’s future development. New oil companies were formed, along with the refining and marketing organizations needed to support them, offering a host of new jobs and increased income for the state’s inhabitants. Meanwhile, thousands of new prospectors arrived in Texas, searching for their own fields of black gold.
Lasting Impact
Though the oil boom surrounding Spindletop had largely subsided by the beginning of World War I, its impact would last much longer. The abundance of oil found in Texas would fuel the expansion of the shipping and railroad industries, as well as the development of new innovations such as automobiles and airplanes. By the late 20th century, oil refining, chemicals and petrochemicals continued to dominate Texas industry, though electronics, aerospace and other high-tech fields had increased in importance.
The Amazon is the world’s longest river? True or false
Answer:
The Amazon is considered the world's largest river by volume, but scientists have believed it is slightly shorter than Africa's Nile. The Brazilian scientists' 14-day expedition extended the Amazon's length by about 176 miles (284 kilometers), making it 65 miles (105 kilometers) longer than the Nile.
Explanation:
Answer:
The Amazon is considered the world's largest river by volume, but scientists have believed it is slightly shorter than Africa's Nile. The Brazilian scientists' 14-day expedition extended the Amazon's length by about 176 miles (284 kilometers), making it 65 miles (105 kilometers) longer than the Nile.
Explanation:
What is the answer?
Help me please :(
Answer:
In the movie, Tim says that genetic mutations are permanent changes to DNA or RNA. What does this mean? The changes can't be undone. ... Which of the following is an example of a beneficial mutation? When an organism develops immunity to a disease.
Explanation:
A friend of yours calls to say that his car would not start this morning. He asks for your help. You tell him the battery may be dead, and that if so, then jump-starting the car from a good battery should solve the problem. In doing so, you are ___________. offering a specific hypothesis and associated prediction to explain why the car won't start. summarizing observations about why the car won't start. stating a scientific theory for why the car won't start. performing an experimental test of a hypothesis for why the car won't start
Answer:
offering a specific hypothesis and associated prediction to explain why the car won't start
Explanation:
A hypothesis can be defined to be a wise guess. It is a proposed explanation that is given on little evidence. A specific hypothesis can be described as a statement if prediction.
By telling my friend that his car would not start because his battery may be dead, and he has to jumpstart from a good battery, I have given him a specific hypothesis and also a predicted explanation as to why his car has refused to start.
What decision did the United States make about the Kyoto Protocol?
The U.S. delegation signed it, but it was never submitted to the Senate for approval.
The U.S. Senate approved the protocol with a nearly unanimous votes.
The U.S. delegation walked out of the conference in protest.
The treaty should be signed by all other nations first.
Answer:
The Answer is A. The U.S. delegation signed it, but it was never submitted to the Senate for approval
Explanation:
The U.S. delegation signed it, but it was never submitted to the Senate for approval is about Kyoto Protocol.
Thus, On December 11, 1997, the Kyoto Protocol was formally adopted. It took a while for ratification, and on February 16th, 2005, it became effective. The Kyoto Protocol has 192 Parties as of right now.
The Kyoto Protocol, in short, operationalizes the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change by requiring industrialized nations and economies in transition to set and achieve individual emission reduction targets for greenhouse gases (GHG).
The Kyoto Protocol adheres to the Convention's annex-based structure and is based on its rules and provisions. Under the concept of "common but differentiated responsibility and benefit.
Thus, The U.S. delegation signed it, but it was never submitted to the Senate for approval is about Kyoto Protocol.
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Which is NOT among the most common causes of famine?
drought
poverty
political instability
lack of seed stock
Answer:
C because it's not it i think please let me if i am right
Explanation:
How did capitalism alter our relationships with the images? With the truth?
The correct answer to this open question is the following.
Unfortunately, you forgot to attach the images. Without the images, we do not know what you are talking about.
However, trying to help, we can comment on the following.
Capitalism can alter our relationship with the truth when we see images of poverty in Capitalistic countries such as the United States or some European nations.
In Capitalistic countries, people can invest their money or open a business with the idea of becoming rich. Capitalism is free enterprise. However, observing poor families in America -and there are many in most states- or people that do not have education opportunities or quality education, poor health services and not for all, or poor neighborhoods that have crime and violence, one can question is in reality Capitalism is the best economic system or if an urgent change in world economics is much needed at this time.
Newton's theory of gravity draws what conclusion?
A.People descended from apes.
B. the natural force pulls objects toward Earth.
C.The monarch does not rule divine right.
D.Eating at least one apple each day promotes good health.
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Answer:
option B .
Explanation:
option B is the correct answer .
the natural force pulls all the object towards earth .
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HELP ME WITH THIS ASSP
Answer:
to sort by particle size
how are modern presidents different from our founding fathers?
Answer:
they're not founding this nation anymore they're continue the legacy our founding fathers left.
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Three-year-old Max cries when he sees that his 6-year-old sister has two cookies
while he only has one. Tyler, who is babysitting his younger siblings, remembers a
concept he learned in psychology class, so he reaches over and breaks Max's cookie
into two equal halves. Max gleefully points to his sister's cookie and says, "Yay! I now
have the same amount of cookies as Sisty!" Tyler used his understanding of
to end Max's tantrum.
object permanence
conservation
12
O mental trickery
numeracy
Answer:
Tyler used his understanding of conservation to end Max's tantrum.
Explanation:
Max is only three years old, not yet able to understand that, even though the appearance of the cookie changed, the amount of cookies he has is the same as before. That ability is called conservation, according to Piaget's theory. Tyler knows that Max hasn't developed conservation yet, so he tricks him into thinking he has two cookies, so to speak, instead of just one. Of course, once he develops the ability to understand conservation, Max will no longer be fooled.
can you create a scenario (either real or fictional) in which a person engaged in a behavior they would not normally have engaged in due to the group they were interacting with at the time?
How are the governments of Britain and Germany similar?
A. Both have a monarch as the ceremonial head.
B. Both grant their citizens basic human rights.
C.both use military to restrain protesters.
D.both have religious heads as executive leaders.
The answer is Option A.
What is the relationship between Britain and Germany?UK-German relations are close, multi-faceted, and based on mutual trust. Both countries are members of NATO, the United Nations, the G7, the G20, and other international bodies. Like Germany, the UK is actively engaged in international climate protection.
What is the difference between Germany and England?The British are more polite, whereas, the Germans are more direct. Germans are known for their diligence, punctuality, and directness. The British on the other hand, tend to be more polite and less direct in the way that they communicate with others.
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WHY DO YOU THINK HAVING A SLAVERY IN HALF THE COUNTRY AND FREEDOM IN THE OTHER HALF WOULD CAUSE PROBLEMS?
Answer:
it would cause war.
Explanation:
Which social class held the most wealth and political standing?
PLEASE HELP AND THANK YOU !!
Answer:
Upper Class
Explanation:
The American upper class is the highest socioeconomic bracket in the social hierarchy and is defined by its members' great wealth and power.
5. Which is an example of nonviolent protest?
a. Burning down segregated facilities.
b. Not doing business with companies that enforce segregation.
c. Threatening to physically hurt supporters of segregation.
d. Fighting in the street with supporters of segregation.
Answer:
B
Explanation:
This would be an example of a non-violent protest because you aren't hurting anyone in it or destroying the buisness you just leaving them alone
List 5 thing learned from the reading about the little White House
Answer: What do you mean?
Explanation:
Most research generates only quantitative data.
Please select the best answer from the choices provided
ОТ
OF
Answer:
false
Explanation:
edge 2020
Most research generates only quantitative data, this given statement is false because it makes reasonable to place boundaries around such data, and it also makes sense to perform arithmetic operations on the data.
What do you mean by the Quantitative data?Data that expresses a definite quantity, amount, or range is known as quantitative data. Typically, the data has measurement units like meters attached to it.
Data is any quantifiable information that may be used by academics for statistical analysis and mathematical computations so that they can derive practical conclusions.
Given that quantitative data takes the form of numbers, it is possible to establish certain definitive outcomes through the mathematical and statistical examination of these numbers.
Therefore, most research generates only quantitative data, this given statement is false because it makes reasonable to place boundaries around such data, and it also makes sense to perform arithmetic operations on the data.
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What is the meaning of life?
Answer:
I'm kabne west lol
Explanation:
I'm kabne west lol
The president can veto a bill that has been passed by Congress. This is an example of which principle in action?
O checks and balances
O judicial review
O federalism
O popular sovereignty
how well does the Constitution strike a balance of authority among the
three branches of government?
Answer:
please give brainliest
Explanation:
The constitution strikes a balance of authority among the three branches of government through checks and balance. The effectiveness of these checks and balances depends on how each branch exercises their "checks" on the other branches.
Explanation:
The constitution strikes a balance of authority among the three branches of government through checks and balance. The effectiveness of these checks and balances depends on how each branch exercises their "checks" on the other branches.
In addition, it defines its respective controls and balances, because it delimits the power and institutions of the political organization.
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What do you think might have contributed to the decline of Mohenjo-Daro?
Answer:
Tectonic shift
Explanation:
Mohenjo-Daro was regarded as one of the most advanced early civilization in the world due to their ability to manage their agricultural sector.
Historians believed that somewhere in the past, a tectonic shift Blocked the lower pathway of the Indus Valley River. This blockage somehow prevented the people of Mohenjo-Daro from getting enough water supply for their agriculture. As a result, their economy started to declined and it eventually led to their downfall.
A Tectonic shift is what contributed to the decline of Mohenjo-Daro.
What is one reason a political leader might engineer a famine?
To get credit later for ending the famine.
As an experiment.
To weaken a region they want political control over.
To lower the cost of food.
Answer:
To weaken a region they want political control over
Explanation:
Take the Ukraine Famine for example. The dreadful famine that engulfed Ukraine, the northern Caucasus, and the lower Volga River area in 1932–1933 was the result of Joseph Stalin's policy of forced collectivization. Stalin was determined to crush all vestiges of Ukrainian nationalism.
What was the purpose of literacy tests, poll taxes, and other Jim Crow Laws?
A. to improve the education of United States citizens
B. to deny citizens the right to vote and enforce segregation
C. to prevent segregation in public facilities
D. to raise money to rebuild the South after the Civil War
Answer:
Explanation:
b
The symbols used in language have no direct relationship between the word and the object or idea.
Please select the best answer from the choices provided
OT
OF
Answer:
The best answer from the choices provided
OT
OF
OF is the answer
Answer:
True or False
TRUE
Explanation:
I answered False and got it wrong on edg
According to the Mandate of Heaven, kings ruled by divine right. What is divine right?
Answer: The divine right or mandate of heaven is a political theory in which the monarch receives the right to rule directly from god
Which number is the location of the Indian Ocean?
Answer:
1
Explanation:
Why did thw Colonists fight the British?
Explanation and answer:
they resented England's imposition of taxes on them, which they felt were unjust, as the colonists had no representation in Parliament and felt they were not responsible for paying off England's debts.Also that they wanted to produce and trade whatever products they liked.Hope it helps.
Quick!!!
What was a goal of the First Continental Congress?
Answer:
Explanation: The First Continental Congress was formed to respond to the Intolerable Acts. These were laws passed by the British to punish the colonies for the Boston Tea Party. The First Continental Congress adopted the Declaration and Resolves, sent a Petition to the King, and instituted a boycott of British trade.
3. Which of these is found MORE often in command economies than in market economies?
a. Regulations of market
b. Competition among producers
C. Private ownership of ideas and real property
d. Opportunity for economic mobility
Which of the following best describes Isaac Newton?
A.Influential scientist
B.Father of democracy
C.Friend of the poor peasants
D.Leader of religious thought
