There are two types of immunity: These are acquired immunity and innate immunity.
The type of immunity that these antibodies provide is the acquired immunity.
When an individual's immune system responds to a foreign substance or pathogen, or when a person acquires antibodies from another source, this sort of immunity called the acquired immunity develops. It is a type of immunity developed over time in response to invasion of pathogens.Learn more about acquired immunity: https://brainly.com/question/21480961
Name five types of evidence that support the theory of evolution. Write one sentence for each, explaining why it demonstrates evidence. (10 points)
The five evidences that support the theory of evolution are: Fossils, Anatomy, Embryology, Molecular Biology (or Biochemistry), and Biogeography.
Fossils show the physical change in a species over time, suggesting evidence for evolution. For an example, we can trace the origins of dolphins and whales all the way to a four-legged, dog-like hoofed mammal from about 50 mya. These mammals were fish eaters and so decided to spend a lot of time in the water. In fact, they spent so much time in the water, that in a few million years, they evolved a longer body and webbed feet. Then another few million years passed and they swapped their webbed feet for flippers and swapped their tail of a fin. Eventually, we get a fish-like mammal that once walked on land.
For anatomy, or structures, there's three types of structure comparisons: Homologous structures, Vestigial structures, and Analogous structures (or Convergent Evolution). Homologous structures show similarities between the structures between species, but serve different purposes. For an example, all mammals share common features within their arms, such as having 5 fingers. However, they serve different purposes, from whale fins for swimming, to bat wings for flying, to human hands for grabbing and for using tools.
Vestigial structures were structures that once served a purpose and have been reduced in size/power to the point where it's useless. For an example, large theropods such as the T. Rex spent so much time evolving more jaw muscles and biting power, that they sacrificed their arm muscles for such power. This explains why their arms were so short.
Another example would be ratites, flightless birds such as ostriches, emus, and cassowaries (penguins and kakapos are from a different group). They spent so much time evolving powerful legs as well as evolving in size, that there was no need to fly when they could just run with their improved legs. And also the fact that they're too heavy to even fly anyways.
Analogous structures is the similar functions of structures between species, but have separately evolved these functions. For an example, the wings from insects, birds, bats, and pterosaurs are very similar in shape and can be used to fly, but they've evolved separately. For an example, birds use feathers to fly while bats and pterosaurs use/used (pterosaurs are extinct) membrane between their bones to fly. Although they do have strikingly similar evolutionary histories, with their ancestors starting off as tree dwellers, they've evolved their flight abilities separately during different earth periods.
Embryology is evidence for evolution by using embryos from different species to suggest a common ancestor. For an example, we can prove that we're more related to whales than to fish by using embryos. The fish embryo will evolve gills while the embryos of humans and whales will not, since we do not breath by extracting oxygen from water.
Molecular biology is a more recent way of providing evidence for evolution. By taking the DNA from cells from different species, we can get an estimate of how related one species is to another. The more similar amino acid sequences are between species, the more recent their common ancestor is. For an example, by comparing amino acid sequences between humans and chimpanzees, we get an estimated amount that we once shared a common ancestor seven million years ago. Without molecular biology, we would still be digging for fossils to find that number.
Biogeography is the geographic distribution of species on earth that can be explained by evolution. For an example, we can tell that Australia separated first from Pangea rather than Asia or North America since Australia doesn't have bears while the Asia and North America do, with China having pandas and North America having brown and black bears. And also with the fact that Australia is the only continent with monotremes (egg-laying mammals like the platypus).
Similar to biogeography, there's also direct observation, which is evolution that has happened in our own eyes. An example would be the underground London mosquito. Mosquitoes usually target birds like pigeons. But after an underground tunnel was built in London, some mosquitoes managed to get inside and instead of birds, they targeted, mice, rats, and of course, humans. After only a few hundred years, a mosquito from the underground tried to mate with another mosquito from land and they could not, simply because they were different species. This shows that their new choice of feeding on mammalian blood has actually altered their DNA and created a new species, during the existence of humanity!
What part of the membrane do you think would allow the red tip of the tube worm to send signals to the rest of its body?
Answer:
neurons
Explanation:
I was reading an article and that was the only thing that really stood out...
Given a biochemical pathway where substrate A is converted to product B which is converted to product C which is converted to product D which is finally converted to product E, how many enzymes are likely to be involved in the sequence to form product E
Answer:
Four
Explanation:
An enzyme is used in each stage;
From A to B
B to C
C to D and finally D to E
What components does the chemical level include
Answer:
The chemical level of organization, scientists consider the simplest building blocks of matter: subatomic particles, atoms and molecules.
Explanation:
This is the correct answer I hope this helps you out!
Which of the following organisms are most important in biodegradation
bacteria
vultures
omnivores
earthworms
Answer:
Bacteria
Explanation:
Several microorganisms, including fungi, bacteria and yeasts are involved in biodegradation process.
The movement of oxygen from the alveoli into pulmonary capillaries and carbon dioxide from pulmonary capillaries to the alveoli is: Select one: a. Internal Respiration b. External Respiration c. Pulmonary Respiration d. None of the above.
Answer:
External Respiration.
Explanation:
External Respiration is the type of respiration in which exchanges of gases occurs between the lungs and the bloodstream i.e. pulmonary capillaries. Inside the lungs, oxygen is loaded into the hemoglobin and carbon dioxide waste is unloaded, this process is called external respiration. This respiratory process takes place through the help of hundreds of millions of microscopic alveoli.
When trees are uprooted and the land left bare what happens to the rain water?
Explanation:
when trees are cut down, the bare surfaces left behind absorb more heat than the forest they replaced.And that heat helps draw air upward, pulling moist air in from nearby forested land that increases rainfall in the immediate area.
⇒ What is ethnobiology?
Answer:
Ethnobiology is the scientific study of dynamic relationships among peoples, biota, and environments. ... The diversity of perspectives in ethnobiology is our greatest strength.
it is the scientific study if dynamic relationship between people,biota and environment
Please help 10 points for answers!!
Answer:
1=65
2=50
3=true
Explanation:
Which activity is a way engineers can control erosion?
O A. Testing a body of water near a building site to make sure that it
can support wildlife
B. Using protective barriers to hold the soil on sites exposed by
construction activities
C. Designing buildings that can be maintained using minimal water
and electricity
D. Looking for soil that contains minerals that bind with particular
pollutants
Answer:
B. Using protective barriers to hold the soil sites exposed by construction activities.
mapa mental sobre El origen de las especies
El origen de las especies, cuya primera edición apareció en 1859, es el libro más conocido de El biólogo británico Charles Darwin. En el libro, Darwin expone su teoría de la evolución:
Afirma que toda la vida en la Tierra tiene un ancestro común. Que la selección natural es el mecanismo principal para la evolución de las especies.El libro está considerado como una de las obras científicas más importantes de la historia. Causó revuelo en el momento de su publicación porque atribuyó la riqueza de la forma de vida en la Tierra a un proceso mecánico más que a una inteligencia sobrenatural. Es cierto que otros habían sugerido previamente que podría haber cosas como la evolución o la selección natural, pero "El origen de las especies" es el primer trabajo que extrae la mayor consecuencia de estos conceptos.
Aprende más acerca de este tema en https://brainly.com/question/16994577.
Which of these statements about photosynthesis is correct?
A.
Both photosynthesis and respiration require the same amount of energy for metabolic processes, such as synthesis and the breakdown of carbohydrates.
B.
Photosynthesis releases energy for metabolism, whereas respiration requires energy for the breakdown of carbohydrates.
C.
Photosynthesis requires energy for the synthesis of carbohydrates, whereas respiration releases energy during the breakdown of carbohydrate
Answer:
C
Explanation:
Drag each label to the correct location.
Sort the questions based on whether they are testable.
How do customers feel about
the services of airlines?
Do polluta
Answer:
airlines - nontestable
pollutants- Testable
chocolate- Testable
meat- Nontestable
Explanation:
i just took the test nd got it right
Cross-contamination of food occurs when a. perishable foods are kept at room temperature for more than 2 hours b. a utensil contaminated with a microorganism from a previously handled food contacts a second food c. two or more food handlers work on the same food d. two or more microorganisms grow in the same food
ANSWER: B
explanation: from what I learned in culinary arts, this is kind of a trick question. Its not asking how foods can get contaminated, its asking how CROSS CONTAMINATION can occur. Cross contamination occurs in three ways think of it like this: food-to-food, equipment-to-food, and people-to-food. The answer has to be between B and C. But the answer is B, because the utensil is already contaminated and it is coming in contact with another food. The two or more food handlers working on the same food are not bringing anything contaminated into the situation. Unless they are contaminated (by they I mean their hands lol) then it cross contaminates but that's not it lol im 99% sure the answer Is B.
Cross-contamination of food occurs when two or more foods come into contact with each other, transferring microorganisms from one food to another. This can happen in a number of ways, including direct contact, contact with a contaminated surface or utensil, contact with a contaminated food handler, or contact with airborne microorganisms.
What is the most common type of cross-contamination ?The most common type of cross-contamination is direct contact, which can occur when one food touches another. This is especially true of perishable foods, which should not be kept at room temperature for more than two hours.
If they are kept at room temperature longer than this, bacteria and other microorganisms can quickly multiply, potentially leading to cross-contamination.
Another common way for cross-contamination to occur is through contact with a contaminated surface or utensil. If a utensil that has been used to handle a food contaminated with microorganisms comes into contact with a second food, the microorganisms can transfer to the second food and cause cross-contamination.
Similarly, if two or more food handlers work on the same food, their hands can transfer microorganisms from one food to another, leading to cross-contamination. Finally, if two or more microorganisms grow in the same food, they can interact with each other and potentially cause cross-contamination.
Learn more about cross-contamination at:
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Write the scientific meaning of the following words listed below:
Word List : Cells, organs, organism, multicellular, unicellular, neuron, impulse, sensory neuron, motor neuron, endocrine system, hormones, stimulus and reflex
Explanation:
cells : cells are buliding blocks of life .Every living organism is made up of cells
organs : They are a structure made up different tissues working for a specific function.
organism : Any being that respires grows, excretes , moves , reproduce , adapt , needs nuitrition and is sensitive to changes
multicellular: an organism that is made up of more than one cell
unicellular : an organism that is made uo of only one cell
nueron : a nerve cell
impulse : they are just like electrical impulses
sensory nuerons : also known as receptor nuerons .They transmit impulses to central nervous system.
motor nuerons: also knownas motor nueron. They transmit impulses from nervous system to the effectors
hormones : they are chemical substances produced by endocrine glands transported by blood ,alter the activity of one or more targeted organs in the body .
reflex: it is the immediate response to a specific stimulas without conscious control
On your first research mission you make an amazing discovery by finding a new species living in the hostile environment of the Sahara desert. After observing it carefully you determine that it is not an autotroph, it is multicellular, and it does not contain any chitin. What is the best classification for it
Answer:
Animalia
Explanation:
A multicellular organism is an organism composed of two or more cells. Multicellular organisms include animals (i.e., organisms from kingdom Animalia), plants, and most fungi. Moreover, an autotroph is a living organism that can produce its own food by using materials from inorganic sources (e.g., water, carbon dioxide, etc); whereas a heterotroph is an organism that cannot produce its own food and thereby needs to eat other organisms, like plants or animals, to survive. Multicellular autotrophs are typically plants; whereas multicellular heterotrophs include all animals, fungi and some parasitic plants. Finally, chitin is a polysaccharide (polymer) of N-acetylglucosamine, which is found in the cell wall of fungi, as well as in the exoskeleton of some animal groups such as, for example, insects, crustaceans, etc.
Sickle-cell anemia is caused by a mutation that changes the second nucleotide of the codon from GAG to GUG. This results in a change of the amino acid from glutamic acid to valine. If the mutation affected the third nucleotide of the codon and changed GAG to GAU then the amino acid would change from a glutamic acid to aspartic acid. Would you predict this change to have the same effect
Answer:
This change would be predicted to have less effect compared to the change of the amino acid from glutamic acid to valine.
Explanation:
A conservative mutation is a type of mutation that leads to the replacement of one amino acid by another with similar properties. Both glutamic acid and aspartic acid are similar in size and biochemical properties. These amino acids are acidic dicarboxylic acids (i.e., they contain two carboxyl groups or ―COOH). The side chains of both glutamic acid and aspartic acid are similar, with the exception that glutamic acid contains one additional methylene group in its side chain.
what is the purpose of ethical guidelines for the handling of experimental subjects
Answer:
The purpose of ethical guidelines for handling of experimental subjects is to ensure the safety and well-being of all living creatures in an experiment. Ethical guidelines include issues such as human rights, animal welfare, safety compliance with the law, conflicts of interest, health standards.
What is the definition of gene flow?
Answer:
the transfer of genetic material from one population to another
Explanation:
Question 7
Another element in the group of alkali metals is lithium (Li). It reacts with water to form lithium
hydroxide (LiOH) and hydrogen gas. Choose the correct balanced chemical equation for this reaction
from the following three options and explain what's wrong with the other two.
1. Li (St H20 (1) — LiOH2 (aq)
2. Li (s) + H20 (1) ► LiOH (aq) + H2 (g)
3. 2Li (s) + 2H20 (1) ► 2LiOH (aq) + H2 (g)
Class Discussion
Answer: 3 2Li (s) + 2H20 (1) ► 2LiOH (aq) + H2 (g)
Explanation: i think thats the answer :/
1. Most students in Britain take the GCSE when ____________.
A. They are 11 years old
B. They are 16 years old
C. They finish grade 10
D. They begin grade 11
2. What is the first thing you’ll notice when you visit almost any school in Britain?
A. The school logo
B. The school gate
C. The school playground
D. The school uniform
3. What do most teenagers in Britain prefer to wear?
A. Trendy labels
B. Expensive uniforms
C. Fashionable hats
D. Economical trainers
4. The word ‘highlight’ in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to __________ .
A. Confuse
B. Remark
C. Emphasise
D. Decrease
5. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. Students in Britain can take 8 subjects at the GCSE.
B. Most British teenagers spend 2-3 hours watching TV after school.
C. Most 16-year-old students in Britain don’t like school uniforms.
D. Many British teenagers judge their friends by their shirts or trainers.
Answer:
1.c
2.d
3 .d
4.a
5.c
this is all I got
Diane Dodd raised different fruit fly populations on different food sources. She found that after about 40 generations the evolution of reproductive isolation was under way. The mechanism of evolution responsible for this was Group of answer choices
Answer:
Natural selection.
Explanation:
Natural selection can be defined as a biological process in which species of living organisms having certain traits that enable them to adapt to environmental factors such as predators, competition for food, climate change, sex mates, etc., tend to survive and reproduce, as well as passing on their genes to subsequent generations.
Simply stated, natural selection entails the survival of the fittest. Therefore, the species that are able to adapt to the environment will increase in number while the ones who can't adapt will die and go into extinction.
In this scenario, the mechanism of evolution responsible for this was natural selection because after about 40 generations the evolution of reproductive isolation was under way for the fruit fly. Thus, the more the offsprings that are reproduced by the parent organism, the more likely are they to survive.
Additionally, there is a better chance of having good or beneficial traits being passed from the parent organism to her offsprings.
Why there is a variation of weather in two different parts of India, though climate
was summer?
Answer:
Due to distance from the equator.
Explanation:
There is a variation of weather in two different parts of India, though climate was summer because both parts experience different amount of sunlight. There are some regions in India which is located on the equator so they experience very hot weather while on the other hand, some regions are present at a large distance from the equator so direct sunlight does not occur and the temperature is moderately warm.
All of the following are arguments used by global warming skeptics except
(A) climate models for global warming have continually been wrong
(B) the dire consequences of global warming have not come pass
(C) earth has natural temperature cycles it goes through
(D) an increase in temperatures would actually be good for the climate
Explanation:
the answer is b because the consewuences of global warming had not yet pass
Answer: D
Explanation: No climate change deniers think that climate change is good for the the planet, they just deny that climate change exists
Science is not a process, but just a body of facts that
accumulates overtime.
TRUE
FALSE
Answer:
False
Explanation:
Science is more about gaining knowledge than it is about simply having knowledge. Science is a way of learning about the natural world that is based on evidence and logic. In other words, science is a process, not just a body of facts. Through the process of science, our knowledge of the world advances.
A small GTP-binding protein called ______________ assembles as a ring around the neck of each deeply invaginated coated pit, pinch off the vesicle. After the budding is complete, the coat proteins are removed, and the naked vesicle can fuse with its target membrane.
Answer:
A small GTP-binding protein called dynamin assembles as a ring around the neck of each deeply invaginated coated pit, pinch off the vesicle. After the budding is complete, the coat proteins are removed, and the naked vesicle can fuse with its target membrane.
Explanation:
Dynamin - may be a GTPase that takes part in an important role in clathrin-dependent endocytosis and other vesicular trafficking processes by acting like a couple of molecular scissors for newly setup vesicles originating from the cell wall.
While you and your little cousin are walking through a natural history museum, she points out the skull of an australopithecine with a large crest on the top and asks you what its purpose was. How might you correctly sum up this complicated evolutionary trait for your little cousin
Answer:
The purpose of the crest was to provide a surface for masticatory muscle attachment or insertion.
Explanation:
This crest is called the sagittal crest. It is present in extinct hominids, such as Australopithecus and Paranthropus, and can also be found in living animals such as gorillas or lions and some reptiles.
The sagittal crest is a bony structure that crosses the hominids´ skull longitudinally, and it is so well-developed that it stands out notoriously.
This crest, like others in the skulls, provides an attachment surface for many muscles. In the particular case of the sagittal crest, it is believed to provide an insertion area to mastication muscles.
It seems that Australopithecus had a special diet composed of tough items. The hominid probably needed to strong bite while eating. The strong jow muscles gave them the possibility to bite but needed a wide area for insertion. The sagittal crest provided that wide surface. There was a direct relationship between the size of the crest and the muscle mass. The bigger the crest was, the more developed the muscle was.
It is believed that in living animals, such as gorillas, the development of the crest in males is for sexual selection and reproductive success. The bigger the crest is, the more attractive the male is, and the more chances to be selected by the female to mate it will have. Some hypothesize that the development of the crest in Australopithecus could also be related to sexual selection.
Los Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia se caracterizan porque:
1. Sus Ecosistemas no han sido alterados por la explotación y ocupación humana.
2. Son zonas delimitadas por criterios de Geografía Física: como relieve, clima, hidrografía, vegetación y suelos.
3. Allí nacen numerosos Ríos.
4. Satisfacen necesidades de la población.
Answer:
Explanation:
2. Son zonas delimitadas por criterios de Geografía Física: como relieve, clima, hidrografía, vegetación y suelos.
Explain why a diagram of the tree of life is difficult to construct.
Answer:
Because of how genes change and how quickly they change, evolution is complicated. At the start of evolution, there shouldn't be a straight tree branch—it should be a twisted mess.
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What is a hominid? A)a family of tree-swinging monkeys B)a family of baboons C) a family of primates that include humans D) a family of bipedal apes
Answer:
a family of primates that include humans
Explanation:
